pushcart war essays

handcart war expositions Harry S. Truman was sworn into office on April 12, 1945 as the thirty-third President of the United States of America. He didn't win a political race, however he was the Vice President under President Franklin Roosevelt who had passed on so Harry Truman became President. On August 6, 1945 President Truman declared the dropping of the A-bomb known as the Atomic Bomb. Truman, on August 9, 1945, reported he dropped a second nuclear bomb on Japan that World War II. In June 1945, Harry S. Truman saw the marking of the arrangement of the United Nations, to ideally save harmony. President Truman introduced to Congress a 21-point program, proposing the development of government managed savings, a full business program, and different things. The program became know as the Four Deal. In 1947, the Soviet Union attempted to takeover Turkey and Greece. Truman requested that Congress help those nations. This guide is known as the Truman Doctrine. In 1950, when the Communist legislature of North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman consulted speedily with his military consultants. A long, demoralizing battle occurred as U.N. powers held a line over the old limit of South Korea. Truman kept the war a restricted one, as opposed to chance a significant clash with China and Russia. His term as President finished in 1953 when he chose not to run for another term. ... <!

The American Constitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The American Constitution - Research Paper Example The Anti-Federalists, those restricted to the proposed constitution, included John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry who additionally composed a progression of articles presently alluded to as the Anti-Federalist papers. They were frightful the desire of the states would be overwhelmed by the potential authority of unified national government. The Federalists endeavored to promise the cynics that they didn't expect to make an administering framework much like the overbearing in British framework which the pilgrims had quite recently battled an extended war to get away. The Anti-federalists guaranteed this expressed goal by restricting the Constitution as composed and demanding it contain further explanation of common freedoms by embeddings the initial ten Amendments, the Bill of Rights. The initial ten corrections to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights were made as a trade off that was fashioned between the two contrasting perspectives. The wording depicting these different p erspectives is to some degree deceiving. The Anti-Federalists could really be better depicted as federalists since they needed the administration to be a league of free states. Federalists would be better characterized as Nationalists since they needed a definitive central government. This paper looks at the perspective of the two Federalists and Anti-Federalists and the strategy by which they arrived at a trade off following two years of antagonistic discussion and a clarification with regards to why one was at last the best decision. The Necessity of the Constitution The Federalist Papers communicated the confinements of the approximately related joining between the states that was available at the time just as the advantages of joining the states into an effective focal government. The Federalists were rich business and land proprietors who accepted that an incredible unified government administered by persuasive, learned people would advance trade which was both to their and the country’s advantage. John Jay indicated this explanation first over every single other intention to join the states by sanctioning a constitution in the second of the Federalist Papers, â€Å"It has until of late been a gotten and uncontradicted supposition that the thriving of the individuals of America relied upon their proceeding immovably joined together, and the desires, petitions, and endeavors of our best and smartest residents have been continually coordinated to that object† (Jay, 1787: Fed. #2). The Federalists’ interests were situated mainly in a hearty economy which they contended would add to the security and flourishing everything being equal. It is plausible that in any event some portion of their inspiration to make a solid national government was their own monetary intrigue. Basically, the Papers guarded the possibility of republicanism inside the Constitution. Notwithstanding monetary points of interest, the Federalists presented an enticing d efense for the framing of an amazing central government by accentuating the need for making sure about and saving the lives, freedom and property of the new nation’s residents. By joining interests and assets, the military and financial shortcomings of the inexactly partnered states would be altogether fortified which would act to defend the whole nation from both inner and outside discord. The country in general would turn out to be less defenseless from a

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection

Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection Schizophrenia Print Gluten and Schizophrenia Connection By Jane Anderson facebook twitter Jane Anderson is a medical journalist and an expert in celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and the gluten-free diet. Learn about our editorial policy Jane Anderson Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Emmy Ludwig, MD on August 05, 2016 Emmy Ludwig, MD, is board-certified in gastroenterology and hepatology. She practices at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Learn about our Medical Review Board Emmy Ludwig, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children  Wavebreakmedia / Getty Images Psychiatrists have speculated about a potential link between gluten and schizophrenia for more than three decades. In fact, the term bread madness was coined half-a-century ago to describe schizophreniaâ€"there were reports of mental patients recovering spontaneously when bread products (i.e., the bulk of gluten-containing foods in their diets) werent available. Although there have been some case reports of patients with schizophrenia improving with a gluten-free diet, even researchers in the field speculate that only a very small percentage of schizophrenics may ultimately benefit from dietary interventions such as a gluten-free diet. Its also important to recognize that there are no currently accepted dietary recommendations regarding gluten and schizophrenia. Still, researchers are beginning to look at the complex connections that may exist in the immunology of celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Is a Severe Mental Disorder Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and potentially disabling brain disorder. It affects about 1% of the overall population. People with schizophrenia suffer from a variety of different symptoms, but may hear voices (hallucinations) or believe people are controlling them or plotting against them (delusions). To control schizophrenia, physicians generally prescribe antipsychotic medication. Support from a psychiatric team is often an essential component of care. Although in some people the disease can be controlled enough for them to be productive members of society, others with schizophrenia are significantly disabled. Although most people with schizophrenia arent violent toward others, approximately 10% ultimately commit suicide. An Overview of Schizophrenia Wheat Gluten as a Possible Schizophrenia Factor Back in 1976, researchers published a study in Science speculating that the gluten protein in wheat caused or promoted schizophrenia. Schizophrenics maintained on a cereal grain-free and milk-free diet and receiving optimal treatment with neuroleptics [i.e., antipsychotic drugs] showed an interruption or reversal of their therapeutic progress during a period of blind wheat gluten challenge, the scientists wrote. After termination of the gluten challenge, the course of improvement was reinstated. The observed effects seemed to be due to a primary schizophrenia-promoting effect of wheat gluten. As the years passed, more studies chimed in on the potential effects of gluten in schizophrenia, with mixed results. A study published in 1981 kept eight chronic schizophrenia patients on a gluten-free, milk-free diet and then challenged them with wheat gluten for five weeks. The study found no difference in their schizophrenia symptoms when they were consuming gluten. However, in a 1986 study, researchers studied 24 patients, primarily people with schizophrenia, on a gluten-free diet, and found that two of those people improved during the gluten-free period and relapsed when the gluten-containing diet was reintroduced. More recent research has noted this effect of the gluten-free diet in a small subset of patients with schizophrenia  and has recommended large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials to determine why this happens and which schizophrenia patients might benefit. A comprehensive review of the medical literature on gluten-related illnesses and severe mental disorders reports that people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity could have a slightly higher risk of schizophrenia and mood disorders. Gluten Antibodies Involved People who have untreated celiac disease (i.e., those who are eating a conventional diet with gluten-containing foods) show high levels of specific antibodies, including the tTG-IgA and EMA-IgA antibodies, when celiac blood tests are performed. These tests are specific to the intestinal damage found due to gluten in celiac disease. Some people with schizophrenia, meanwhile, show high levels of other antibodies to glutenâ€"notably the AGA-IgG and the AGA-IgA antibodies. For example, one study that looked at 1,401 schizophrenia patients found 23% of them had moderate to high levels of AGA-IgA. The AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG antibodies are considered less specific to celiac diseaseâ€"they indicate an immune system reaction to gluten is going on, but not the specific villous atrophy found in celiac disease. Indeed, a study that looked at people with celiac disease and people with schizophrenia separately found the two groups seemed to be reacting to different parts of the gluten protein, indicating that any immune system response to gluten in schizophrenia is different from that of celiac disease, and is independent of any potential intestinal damage. Those with schizophrenia whose blood test results showed antibodies to gluten did not necessarily have the celiac disease genes, the researchers concluded, adding, our results reveal an immunologic response to gluten in individuals with schizophrenia that is clearly different from that in celiac disease. A Word From Verywell Although its not generally accepted in the mental health field, University of Maryland Center for Celiac Research director Dr. Alessio Fasano says that an as-yet undefined subset of people with certain mental disorders, including schizophrenia and also autism, seem to improve or even recover on a gluten-free diet, even if they dont have celiac disease. However, theres currently no accepted way to test for gluten sensitivity. Theres also no accepted way to determine whether a schizophrenia patient would benefit from the gluten-free diet; the AGA-IgA and AGA-IgG tests dont seem to pick up everyone with the condition. Researchers currently are working to identify a specific biomarker that could lead to a medical test that will identify most or all people with gluten sensitivity, including those with schizophrenia. Until more research has been done, medical professionals dont recommend going gluten-free in an effort to help schizophrenia.

Womens Rights Violation Human Trafficking in Indonesia...

Human trafficking is a global human rights issue, where women are the biggest target. Human trafficking is defined as the transport of a person through force, threat or abduction to then bind the person to its employee or for exploitation reasons. The term exploitation includes: prostitution, other sexual exploitations, slavery, forced labour, servitude and the removal of organs (United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000). This essay is focusing on women’s rights, by looking at human trafficking in Indonesia. Poverty and small employment opportunities as well as the unequal gender roles are the many reasons for human trafficking in Indonesia. This leads to the nation having to spend money on legal matters and†¦show more content†¦Human trafficking is violating these earlier mentioned rights. There are an estimate of 2.5 million victims, which can be any age or gender. Mostly women are impacted by trafficking, as 79 percent is sexual exploit ation. Human trafficking is a global business generating huge amounts of profit. A ten dollar billion profit for criminals per year has been calculated by looking at the documented statistics (UNODC, 2014). In Indonesia labour recruits (known as PJTKIs) operate legally and illegally. They charge high recruitment fees, which makes migrants vulnerable to debt bondage and binds them to the PJTKI. The recruitment brokers are reported to use connections to corrupted government officials and police and escape jail sentences (Humantrafficking.org, 2006). The US department of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2011) found that 471 Indonesian migrants returned home pregnant, due to rape in the Middle East. Additionally 161 women returned with children born. Indonesia is not just a victim of human trafficking; the same report found that Indonesia exploited victims from Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Women and girls are most vulnerable to human traffic, because of their subordinate positi on in Indonesia (UNFPA, n.d.). Human trafficking on women happens because of many reasons around the world; this practice infringes upon many different legislations and human rights. The reasons for human trafficking inShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Day Slavery1339 Words   |  6 Pages Trafficking in persons or TIP, â€Å"is a form of modern day slavery† (Women’s Bureau 2002). â€Å"Traffickers often prey on individuals who are poor; frequently unemployed, or underemployed, and who may lack access to social safety nets. Victims are often lured by traffickers with false promises of good jobs and better lives, and then forced to work under brutal and inhumane conditions†(Attorney General). TIP â€Å"involves the use of violence, threats or deception to create a pliant and exploitable work force†Read MoreIndonesi A Massive Population Of 249.9 Million People2240 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Indonesia has a massive population of 249.9 million people. Indonesia’s human rights are mostly abused because the government hasn’t done enough to help protect those rights. Indonesia has the largest economy in south East Asia and is one of the emerging market economies. Some people in Indonesia are wealthy but the majority of people in Indonesia are poor. Where is Indonesia: Indonesia is a chain of islands located between the China Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. TheRead MoreWe Must Put and End to Human Trafficking Essay4110 Words   |  17 Pagesacknowledge the fact that slavery exists within their borders. Slavery in its most heinous form lurks in the dark corners of every society. Human trafficking is without a doubt one of the most monstrous offenses against human rights that occurs today. It is imperative for a more substantial effort to be put forth in order to combat the growing number of human trafficking cases. This effort must not be merely centered on individual countries fighting local cases; to see true results, countries must workRead MoreIslamic Law and Human Trafficking in Saudi Arabia Essay3267 Words   |  14 Pagesstate. The blight of human trafficking, in forms of labor, sex, and other forms of trafficking, is of particular concern in Saudi Arabia. Some Western critics attribute this to the country’s legal system. Saudi Arabia is ruled under a system of Sharia, a body of Islamic law and a legal framework within which the public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Islam. This legal system has attracted strong criticism from human rights groups over criminalRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Desirable Global Development3418 Words   |  14 Pagesturn around the room with Human Rights –in the form of rights-based development, it’s appropriate to consider the degree to which global development has historically impacted on the understanding of rights and the ongoing impacts of that today. This paper will consider to what extent implantation of the rapidly popular rights-based development model promises to actually produce positive change, given how the process of global development and the conception of human rights (as shaped by certain keyRead MoreEssay on Korean Comfort Women2590 Words   |  11 Pagesreferred to comfort women as tei shintai, which means â€Å"volunteer corps,† so those women who thought they would be working in a factory would not understand what the army really intended to do with them (Kim in Schallstede 25). Jungshindae was the women’s labor corps in which the women would work at a military factory and receive wages. Many women believed this was what they would be doing when they were recruited by the army (anonymous in Schellstede 103). The horrific practice of using comfort womenRead MoreEthics of Information Communication Technology (Ict)27618 Words   |  111 PagesSocial Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP) 241 ETHICS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization and digital convergence in the emerging knowledge society has raised complex ethical, legal and societal issues. We are faced with complex and difficult questions regarding the freedom of expression, access to information, the right to privacy, intellectual property rights, and cultural diversity. ICT is an instrumental need of all humans for theRead MoreDisadvantages of Being Muslim Women Essay5879 Words   |  24 PagesMuslim women in particular are legally disadvantaged as compared to Mulsim women in other countries. In Turkey, the traditional Muslim law has been replaced by a modern civil code, and even in countries like Iran men and women have similar rights of divorce. Indonesia and Malaysia have abolished polygamy and there is an express or implied abolition of the so-called triple talaaq. In India, a man can keep four wives, divorce his wife whenever he wants without assigning reason, even in her absence. IfRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in t he World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMichael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographicalRead MoreCountry Risk Analysis of Nigeria8877 Words   |  36 PagesChad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea, part of the Atlantic Ocean, in the south. The capital city is Abuja. The people of Nigeria have an extensive history, and archaeological evidence shows that human habitation of the area dates back to at least 9000 BC. The Benue-Cross River area is thought to be the original homeland of the Bantu migrants who spread across most of central and southern Africa in waves between the 1st millennium BC and the 2nd

Literature Review - Representation of Women in Walt Disney...

Literature Review Study of representation of women in Walt Disney Cartoon Characters. Title: Study of representation of women in Walt Disney Cartoon Characters. Introduction: As long as there have been civilizations, there have been stories, myths that are told to children. These stories are usually the basis of the cartoons characters except some which are from creator’s imagination. This story telling is a means of not only comforting and amusing a child, but of teaching the child the societal norms of their nation. These are memorized by children and remembered forever. Children idolize their favourite character, the character they have most in common with and are best able to identify with, and try to emulate that character’s†¦show more content†¦9) Why Disney has changed certain things from the original fairytales? 10) Is there any change in the characterization of the cartoons ? 11) What about the Villains in Disney- Why all evil women have special powers in their aid whereas males simply use violence? Is Disney sexist? 12) Also why are most of the princes do absolutely nothing but to chase the princess? It will also help me predict a little about Disney’s characterization of upcoming cartoons characters. Background: The history of Walt Disney, and the Disney Corporation, is one shrouded in admiration and accolades for the accomplishment of the American dream. Walt Disney himself is an icon for the American work ethic, i.e., hard work pays off. He is seen as a Horatio Alger, rags to riches, success story. Beginning his work in animation in the 1920s, Walt Disney gained fame worldwide for his films and theme parks. But Walt Disney created more than films and theme parks. By infusing them with an ideological stance glorifying the American way of life, his brand of democracy and conservatism, he created a cultural institution. The moralistic stance of his enterprise became common knowledge and it is said that his 1933 version of Three Little Pigs was the last of his cartoons in which the film’s moral messages were open to interpretation [3] By 1941 it was estimated that one in threeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Disney Films On Children1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Impact of Walt Disney Productions on Children A young girl with black hair and brown eyes sees a beautiful princess named Cinderella who has blond hair, blue eyes, and flawless skin. She believes she will never be as radiant and beautiful as the princess because they don’t look alike. Like this girl, there are many cases of Disney films having lasting negative effects on children. Disney influences children more than any other age group since most merchandise and movies are geared towardRead MoreCase on the Disney Brand14200 Words   |  57 PagesKey Words: Brand Extension, Expansion into New Geographies. Brand Culture, Brand Symbols, Semiotics Analysis. Study of ‘Disney’: Strategies and factors that helped build the iconic brand. Group 7 Archana Menon 2008 09 A Chandan Pansari 2008 12 A Ranjani Mani 2008 43 A Sumita Das 2008 55 A INDEX Introduction ..........................................................................................................................4 Licensing ..............................................Read MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 PagesTelevision Advertising to Children A review of contemporary research on the influence of television advertising directed to children Prepared for ACMA by Dr Jeffrey E. Brand May 2007  © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the ManagerRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, FifthRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagessharing, which has resulted in up to three weeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanuc’s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bank’s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montreal’s InstituteRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. 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He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate program in education at NYU. ROXY PECK is Associate Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics and Professor of Statistics at California Polytechnic State University

Living in a Morally Corrupt Society Free Essays

Brandi Smithers 18 October 2012 Professor James Essay #1 Final Draft Living in a Morally Corrupt and Market Driven Society Our society is a corrupt one, without a doubt. Built on morals and ethics that have lost prominence and importance, our society and the people who it is composed of have quickly made our market economy something awful that was never intended. A market economy is essentially a harmless, productive way of organizing activity and trade; unfortunately, society has lost sight of the good intentions and has â€Å"drifted from having a market economy to being a market society (Sandel 10). We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a Morally Corrupt Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now People have let greed for money and for success consume them. No longer is the market a tool for organization. Instead, it is now a way of life. Having the upper-hand in the market, means one is better off. What caused this change in society? Greed. Market triumphalism became the goal of many when they let greed overpower integrity (Sandel 6). Greed is the devil inside the market. It creates a moral dilemma by causing people to have a desire from market triumphalism so strong that they are â€Å"led to irresponsible risk taking† as means of obtaining what they long for (Sandal 6). People start to question if the morals instilled in their mind can be stretched farther and farther until they become â€Å"morally vacant† (Sandal 13). The market has put a price on things never meant to be associated with a dollar sign such as time and ultimately, our lives. Historically, the need to â€Å"organize the production and distribution of goods† generated the idea of a market economy; though once widely accepted, â€Å"markets†¦ have come to govern our lives as never before† (Sandal 6). In today’s society the market has a negative impact on a majority of adults and a surprising amount of children. It is becoming more and more common to see adults using incentives to motivate children to the right thing. For example, parents and schools often offer cash incentive for good grades (Sandal 51). Not only is it surprising to some that parents pay their children for a good report card, but â€Å"it never occurred to anyone that the school itself might pay for good grades† (Sandal 51). Though some may argue that money incentive for grades â€Å"transforms the culture of schools and the attitudes of students towards school† (Sandal 54) for the better, the children’s desire for cash replaces the traditional and responsible thought that doing good in school meant that one would not only better themselves, but that they would be a productive member of society. The incentives, or bribes, â€Å"bypass persuasion and substitute and external reason for an intrinsic one† (Sandal 59). This shift in mindset not only instills greedy habits in children, but also creates irrational expectations for incentive given when one did nothing above and beyond what should be expected of any child. In essence, parents and adults are manipulating a child’s sense of duty and obligation by putting a price on good behavior. The market and the common use of bribery undermine â€Å"obligation and commitment,† which ultimately are â€Å"ideals that can’t be reduced to monetary terms† (Sandal 50). When one hears the word â€Å"greed,† more often than not, money comes to mind; however, money is not the only asset people seek with greedy minds. The concept of time is one part of people’s everyday lives that the market has dramatically manipulated in such a way that time is more valuable than money. Corporations and franchised businesses have noticed this growing trend and they have taken advantage of people’s greed for time. They have found that adding â€Å"fast-track schemes† to their marketing plans adds to their profit margin and also increases customer satisfaction. They stand firm in the belief that â€Å"letting people par for faster service at airports, at amusement parks, and on highways improves economic efficiency but letting people put a price on their time† (Sandel 20). It is not surprising that the moral importance of equality is thrown under the table by the same people that saw dollar signs when handling the ultimatum of profit vs. equality. For instance, people with excess money are able to jump to the front of the line at amusement parks and they also have to ability to pay extra to sit First-Class on an airplane (Sandal 17-18). Sure, the convenience for the consumer of the â€Å"fast-track schemes† is considerable, but the schemes are extremely â€Å"unfair to those left languishing† waiting patiently for their turn (Sandal 27). Today’s market society has not only added an extreme factor to inequality amongst citizens of society, but yet again, people are letting their morals of fairness slide in order to gain selfish convenience. The market has driven businesses and consumers alike into forgetting that one of the key factors to coexistence with one another is equality. The arket has made time, once an element of life considered unchangeable, an easily manipulated tool for profit gain and also another reason why people of our society are so morally vacant. Out of all the ways market has driven the people of our society mad by giving priceless aspects of life monetary value, one aspect of life that should never be a part of market economy, is life itself. Project Prevention, founded by B arbra Harris, is a program that offers drug addicted women $300 cash if they will undergo sterilization or long-term birth control (Sandel 43). Offering drug-addicted women money for sterilization is coercive, thus already making it morally wrong (Sandel 45). Not only does the organization use means of coercion for their gain, but the ultimatum that the drug-addicted women are faced with is one that no woman should ever have to encounter. She has to choose whether she wants to have children in the future, or if she is to take the money to satisfy the â€Å"necessity of her situation† (Sandal 45). When â€Å"a drug-addicted woman agrees to be sterilized for money, she is not acting freely† (45). Project Prevention is a perfect example of how today’s free market has labeled our bodies (and the ones yet to be born) are merely â€Å"possessions that we own and can use and dispose of† (Sandal 47). Since the market has stepped over the moral boundaries of viewing humans as possessions, it is clear that â€Å"we need to rethink the role that markets should play in our society† (Sandal 7). Human life is one of the things that money can’t buy. Market economy is a great tool for organization in the way trade is handled, but a tool is what it should be; unfortunately, the market has consumed our society and it is the very air we all breathe. Children are not only submerged in the ideas of a morally corrupt market, but they are being taught how to follow in the footsteps of the morally corrupted. As they develop, the corrupt ideas intensify, and money becomes air. Functionality is impossible in the absence of market. Intangible aspects of life, such as time, form a monetary value, leaving the once innocent child as a money hungry adult. Despite the morals once instilled in that child’s mind, the child finds the ultimate victim to a morally corrupt society: an unborn child. When will he realize that there are some things that money can’t buy? How to cite Living in a Morally Corrupt Society, Essay examples

Stop Frisk free essay sample

Racial Profiling in the Criminal Justice system. Racial Profiling has been argued to be a very ineffective style of community policing in the criminal justice system. Using the New York City Police Department, â€Å"Stop, Question Frisk† Policy as a model, I will show that profiling has led to lower crime rates which is shown from a current and historical point of view. Using history as a tool, in time periods where New York City seen the highest peaks of crime, through interviews and official documents, I will show data on different races being profiled for crimes in different communities. Some would argue that this is an injustice where law enforcement agencies have created policies targeting the communities of color or different ethnicities. As stated by an NYPD spokesman in 2011, â€Å"Blacks made up 53 percent of the stop subjects and were 66 percent of the violent crime suspects in 2011 For Hispanics, 34 percent were stop subjects and 26 percent were violent crime suspects. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Frisk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Stop And Frisk Facts | New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) American Civil Liberties Union of New York State) The question can be raised is profiling a tool or an injustice? Does it hinder police and community relationships? does it help lower crime? The New York City Police Department was established in 1845 and is the largest Municipal law enforcement agency in the United States. The department has over thirty six thousand police officers in which patrol New York City streets and serve in other specialized duties domestically and internationally. The NYPD has made great strides to be the department of policy creation and also the creator of their crime fighting statistic tool known as Compstat. Compstat was developed in 1993 and reports crimes within the city based on the FBI Uniform Crime Report classifications and have been duplicated in other agencies throughout the country. (NYPD Official New York City Police Department Web Site) The NYPD Stop, Question and Frisk Policy (also known as â€Å"250’s†/ UF-250 referring to the form Officers must fill out in regards to stopping, questioning and frisking a citizen) is a policy created under the Bloomberg administration with Raymond W. Kelly as the commissioner of the department for the last ten years. â€Å"Stop Frisk is the practice by which NYPD officers initiates a stop of an individual on the street, based on so-called reasonable suspicion of criminal activity†. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights) This policy came about in 2002, when Mayor Bloomberg along with the Commissioner Kelly created â€Å"Operation Impact†. The operation placed new recruit officers directly from the academy to patrol a foot post in a high crime area. With the success of the program within the first year, the program was expanded to include more officers and new strategies to lower crime. Stop, Question and Frisk is a conversation on the roll call of every precinct within the city in which I have witnessed firsthand. Before the era of Mayor Bloomberg, the NYPD adopted a style of Policing which was known as Community Policing or as it was referred to as â€Å"C POP†. According to the United States Department of Justice Community Policing is defined as: a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support systematic use of partnerships and problem solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that arise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder and fear of crime. (COPS Office: What is Community Policing? ) From the late 1960’s to early 2002 the NYPD adopted this form of policing and put it into practice within their department. The police department expanded its Community Affairs Division (which was created in 1967), which foster positive police and community relations. (NYPD Official New York City Police Department Web Site) The department also created a unit in each command known as C POP unit. In an interview with an officer who was a member of this unit for five years, he stated that the unit was a group of minority officers in which the community would get to know. The goals of the unit were to patrol a defined area within the command and have interactions with youth, business owners, and the elderly. He stated that the goal was to have an officer that the community knew and also to have an officer that knows the people that reside within the community. The department also placed more Community Affairs officers, who wore a distinctive uniform who was better known as the proactive officers. These officers would meet with the community to address concerns, give presentations on gang violence and safety. This officer said with a new police commissioner and mayor in 2002, the goals of the department shifted. A very evident shift from this style of policing can be seen in a 2010 Fourth of July incident. Where four police officers in the Bronx was tossing a football around with a little boy in the park. The officers were â€Å"verbally berated and penalized for their actions. The officers were formally disciplined and received a loss of five vacation days for their actions. One officer, Mariana Diaz stated â€Å"There’s a lot of negativity toward police†¦I want kids in the community to look at us in a positive way. † (Moving Forward in the NYPD: Community Policing is the Response to Community Outrage Security Center) In 2002 Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg created an NYPD Operation known as Operation Impact. This was a testing tool to determine if placing new recruit officers directly from the academy to pre-determined impact zones to help lower crime. Predetermined impact zones where areas within the city that has a high crime rate. These neighborhoods included Brownsville, Red Hook, and Carroll Garden all in Brooklyn. The Upper East Side, Harlem all located in Manhattan, the South Bronx and south Jamaica, Queens. With the deployment of over 1,000 officers into this newly formed Operation Impact, in 2003 the first measured year, the city seen a 33% drop in crime in the Impact Zone citywide. This resulted to 3,612 fewer crime victims. This dramatic drop in crime has not been seen in New York City since the 1960’s. In that one year of review this operation resulted in over 32,000 arrests and almost 376,000 summons. (Impact Zones Expanded After Successful First Year, 2004) Thus the success of Operation Impact from 2002 to 2003, Operation Impact was expanded to now cover 52 Impact zones. Of these fifty two zones, twenty five are within twenty two precincts, in twenty six subway stations and two zones in nine housing developments. This expansion created the policy known as Stop, Question and Frisk. (Impact Zones Expanded After Successful First Year, 2004) This policy help incorporate an existing NYPD operation known as â€Å"Operation Clean Halls†. Operation Clean halls has been in effect since 1991 and has allowed police office to execute vertical patrols, by going up into private and also city owned housing developments and conducting stop and frisk searches in hallways, with the landlords permission. In the same year that Operation Impact was reviewed for it success, Operation Clean halls in 2002-2003 alone police officers conducted 240,000 â€Å"vertical patrols† or stop and frisk searches. (Mike Bloombergs New York: Cops in Your Hallways | Matt Taibbi | Rolling Stone) I incorporate these two operations together because with the expansion of Operation Impact two zones now cover nine high crime housing developments in New York City. This old operation gave officers the power to stop and frisk anyone in the housing developments while conducting â€Å"vertical patrols†. An example of the effect that Operation Clean Halls has on Stop, Question and Frisk Policy is on June 15, 2011, three African American males, where leaving a friend house whose lives in a Bronx housing development. The friends were stopped in the stairwell by two police officers. The mother of the friend who they were visiting saw them being stopped in the stairwell and informed her son that they were being questioned by the Police. As her son went down stairs, he seen his friends leaned against the wall, handcuffed and being searched. He told the officers that his friends were there to visit him and they were just leaving. The three males were taken to the 44th precinct, kept in holding cells for three hours and issues summons for trespassing which was later dismissed. Under this Operation Clean Halls, the police can stop, question and frisk any citizen that they believe to be trespassing and issue summons for trespassing or failing to produce government identification. (Mike Bloombergs New York: Cops in Your Hallways | Matt Taibbi | Rolling Stone) Data released by the NYPD on the Stop Question and frisk policy has resulted in astounding numbers of protesting stop and frisk, in which has seen much community out cry for reform of the police department or independent oversight. According to the Center for Constitutional Rights, in 2011 a highest record since 2003, 685,724 people were stopped by the NYPD. 84% of that figure was African American Latino residents. In retrospective these two races on comprise to about twenty three and twenty nine percent of New York City population. Since 2002 NYPD stop and frisk has increased by over 600%. Where in 2002 the total stops were 97,837 as compared to 2011 the total stops where 685,724. In 2002 the total number of Frisk was only 52,803 as compared to 2011 totals of 381, 704. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights) Of the total number of stop and frisk there was in 2011, only six percent resulted in arrest. Only six percent resulted in summons given and only two percent resulted in contraband found. The data shows that 51% are blacks, 33% Latino and 9% white that are being stopped and frisked by this department. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights,) This data shows there is a large racial disparity when it comes to what race is more likely to be stopped by the NYPD. In a New York Times article released in 2010 the reasons that officers listed on their UF-250’s for stopping a person were, furtive movement, appears to be â€Å"casing†, appears to be lookout, fits description, apparent drug deal, â€Å"Bulge†, violent crime indication, clothing and a suspicious object. (Map of New York City Police Stops Interactive Feature NYTimes. com,) In a video released by the Vital Fund Project, undisclosed officer secretly taped an annual performance evaluation with their supervisor. In this recording the supervisor states to the officer â€Å"You need to get more 250’s, I would hate to see you get disciplined for this, but the department wants more 250’s. I was a beat officer two, I understand but work the streets, get more 250’s and I ensure you your evaluation would look better. † (The Hunted and the Hated: An Inside Look at the NYPDs Stop-and-Frisk Policy,) In the same video officers would account for times that other officers have not meet their â€Å"performance object/measure†, also known as a quota they would be transferred to undesirable commands and units, given tours that many officers would not like, such as the midnights. (The Hunted and the Hated: An Inside Look at the NYPDs Stop-and-Frisk Policy,) The community has banded together to call for action against the Stop, Question and Frisk Policy. The Center for Constitutional Rights they have filed a federal class action lawsuit (Floyd, et al. v. City of New York, et al. ) against the NYPD and the City of New York. The lawsuit challenges the NYPD’s practice of racial profiling and unconstitutional stops and frisks. Another organization known as the New York Civil Liberties Union, has created and proposed the Community Safety Act to the New York City Council. This act is said to be the first step toward ending discriminatory practices like stop and frisk. â€Å"The act is a series of civil rights bulls that if pass this legislation will create a real ban on racial profiling; protect New Yorkers from unlawful searches; and require that police officers identify themselves and explain their actions when they stop people. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights,) I myself have participated in town hall meeting conducted by city council members to hear the community call to end this practice that the NYPD has taken on, increasingly over the last decade. I first asked was the NYPD: Stop, Question Frisk Policy a new style of policing or a crime fighting tool. According to Mayor Bloomberg Commissioner Kelly, this policy has helped lowered crime and taken guns off the street. I answer that question by saying what does the data show? The data does show an increase of stop and frisk of 600% since Mayor Bloomberg has taken office in 2002. It shows a large racial disparity between the numbers of minorities that are stop and frisk compared to white citizens. The data shows that crime has been on the decline, but is this direct effect of this policing tactic or is there other contributing factors? Abandoning the style of community policing has demonstrated the very negative relationship the community has with the New York City Police Department. I stated that New York City Police Department is the largest law enforcement agency in the United States. As compared to other major cities and large police departments they have demonstrated and data proves fact that they have lowered crime at a higher rate than New York City has, without using stop, question and frisk as a policy. One prime example is the Los Angeles Police department has seen a 52% decrease in crime in the last decade. This city is almost the same size of New York City and this department has adopted NYPD original policies of community policing and Compstat. This adaptation of NYPD culture was taken from an NYPD former chief who created Compstat and would later become the police commissioner for LAPD. There is a lot that must be done to stop the NYPD and the use of Stop, Question and frisk. The figures show the large racial disparity in the stops and frisk which has a strong question on whether the stops are motivated by racial profiling. It takes the will power of a community to seek a change and ask for stronger and direct oversight of the police department. I strongly believe that stop and frisk is not a crime fighting tool but a tactical policing strategy used to lower crime figures within the City. The NYPD has a Community Affairs Bureau who has officers dedicated to fostering positive police and community relations. Over the past several years, I have worked within an NYPD Law Enforcement Explorers program, interacting with officers and community members in many different capacities. It is not enough to have a bureau doing community outreach. It must take the entire department to foster a culture of positive community relations. We need to reverse the direction of policing and return to the stronger community outreach policing model that has worked in the past. If other departments across this country can do it, why can’t the department who has been the leader in policy creation do the same? Stop, Question and Frisk Policy of the NYPD is an injustice to the rights of all and should be stopped.